Close economic connection between the Russian Federation (RF) and the Republic of Belarus (RB) raise the issue of international regulation of old-age pensions and harmonization of pension relationships. For the effective implementation of old-age pensions in the space of two countries, a single legal framework, similar economic opportunities and similar institutional characteristics of old-age pensions are necessary.
The purpose of the article is to explore the institutional features of old-age pensions in Belarus and Russia and to identify opportunities for the export of old-age pensions.
Guided by the statistical method and comparative analysis, the author identified the institutional features of old-age pensions in the analyzed countries; the law basis for the international regulation of old-age pensions has been determined; difficulties and contradictions in the implementation of national old-age pension systems were discovered.
The factual basis for the study was official statistical data provided by government departments of Belarus and Russia, as well as the Eurasian Economic Union.
Developing in similar economic and demographic conditions, the pension systems of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus acquired similar institutional characteristics. The weak development of pension accumulation makes national pension systems vulnerable to demographic challenges. The existing law regulation of pension relations allows for the export of old-age pensions.

The paper compares the system of target indicators for sustainable development and food security in order to develop recommendations for their monitoring as part of supporting management decisions. The results of a correlation analysis of selected indicators are presented, the results of the analysis are interpreted from the point of view of building an effective management system for the fishery complex at the regional level. The problems that a management system may encounter due to incorrect interpretation of the values and dynamics of indicators are described, and recommendations for overcoming them are discussed.

Econometrics methods are increasingly being used in practice in various industries and areas of the economy. This article examines the application of econometrics in portfolio analysis. First, we examine a regression equation that estimates the return of a diversified portfolio as a function of its risk. The difficulty here is that this regression is nonlinear and non-separable in terms of parameters. Secondly, to implement the least squares method based on this regression, the use of a computational method of coordinate descent is proposed and investigated. Third, appropriate financial analysis was performed for the mathematical transformations.

The article discusses the process of implementing a management accounting system for agricultural enterprises in the Kaliningrad region. The importance of management accounting procedures and tools in improving the efficiency of managing an agricultural enterprise and achieving higher financial performance is argued. The mechanism for the formation and application of accounting, analytical, control and organizational procedures that form the system of management accounting of agricultural enterprises in the region is given.

The article deals with current aspects of fish and seafood consumption by the population of the exclave region of Russia - Kaliningrad region. The current state and various approaches to the level of fish and fish products consumption in the region in relation to the minimum rational requirements of food consumption are studied. The main categories and parameters are studied in connection with the influence of the fishery complex of the Kaliningrad region on food security.

In the face of constant market changes, an attempt has been made to assess the development trends of pollock products in Russia relative to the global catch and sales prices. To analyze the trends in pollock product markets, the volume of pollock catch worldwide and in Russia, the cost of pollock in international and Russian markets, and the volume of Russia's export and import sales in both value and quantity were determined. Global pollock catch increased by 9% (296 thousand tons) from 3248 thousand tons to 3544 thousand tons. Russian catch also increased by 17% (260 thousand tons) from 1567 thousand tons to 1827 thousand tons. Meanwhile, the quantity of exported pollock products decreased from 828 thousand tons in 2013 to 684 thousand tons in 2021, indicating a confident growth in domestic demand and consumption of pollock within the country. At the same time, the price level for frozen pollock products (block-frozen) on the domestic market is 19.2% higher than export prices, while prices for pollock fillets are similar in both domestic and foreign markets. Additionally, the cost of pollock products for export is 20-30% lower than the prices in International markets and the trade of fisheries and aquaculture products contracts. Therefore, it is important to ensure a market supply that will guarantee an optimal price level for producers in the foreign market.

The purpose of the work is to build a model of regional seed production and selection as a segment of crop production of the agro-industrial complex, to assess their economic safety in current conditions. Previously, the scientific literature did not consider the issues of the system of sectoral economic security of the Kaliningrad agro-industrial complex as a whole and breeding and seed production as its segments. Conclusions are drawn about the need to increase the innovative potential of the region by creating a scientific and practical organization in the field of breeding and seed production. The expediency of its creation in the form of a public-private partnership is substantiated, the use of the parameters of the participation of the state and private investors in the project of creating a new legal entity is proposed.

The rapid rise in prices for the main types of fish products in Russia has led to reduced availability and reduced consumptionin recent years. In order to correct the negative trend, policy planners need to understand what the reaction of prices for fishery products will be if certain factors that determine these prices change. The purpose of the paper is to identify the key drivers of prices for fish products in Russia. We applied a model to analyze price sensitivity to changes in its key price factors. The authors conclude that distribution costs, including the cost of delivering products to customers, and the cost of fish raw materials have a dominant effect on retail prices for the main types of fish products.

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of demographic processes on the region's economy. The analysis of the structure of the population and the dynamics of its natural movement is carried out. Trends in the development of the age and sex structure, the dynamics of mortality and fertility, and the nature of their impact on the labor potential in the future are determined. Internal and external migration processes are analyzed, and the dynamics of their compensatory potential is assessed. The impact of the demographic burden on the reproduction of labor potential and its relationship with labor productivity is described.

Effective development of the shipbuilding and ship repair industry in the Kaliningrad region is a cluster approach, within which all processing stages can be localized. The purpose of the work is to identify the construction of clusters in shipbuilding and ship repair and to develop recommendations for its effective organization. The study allows us to solve the problem of reformatting cooperation ties destroyed by the introduction of sanctions against Russia. Currently, two concepts for the development of clusters have emerged in our country, within the first cluster as a tool for regional development. Within the second cluster, it is a method of vertical economics of production in order to ensure import substitution. Both have their positive and negative sides. For the Kaliningrad region, it turns out that, taking into account its geographical location and the logistics resulting from it, they rely on territorial dependence, which allows for sustainable development of the regional economy.

The purpose of the study is to generalize the problems and ways of strategic development of the fisheries and amber industry of the Kaliningrad region. The results of modeling the forecast performance indicators and cash flows of the investment project for the construction of a new fish canning plant by the forces of LLC "RK "Za Rodinu" are considered. It was emphasized that the fishing and fish processing industry will not yet be able to become a "locomotive" that will ensure the accelerated dynamics of the GRP of the Kaliningrad region. The dynamics of the main indicators of the development of the amber industry of the Kaliningrad region for the period from 2017 to 2021 has been analyzed. It has been established that the development of the amber industry as a monopoly producer should be a priority in the formation of the investment strategy of the Kaliningrad region.

The experience of the creation and functioning of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the European Union (EU), the Benelux Union (Benelux) is of great interest from the point of view of solving the problems of creating and developing such associations of several countries. Therefore, this study was devoted to a comparative analysis of the level of economic development of the EFTA countries, the founding countries of the EU (the EU6 countries), the Benelux countries. In the course of the study, the maximum and minimum values of the indicators of the dynamics of economic development of the EFTA countries, the EU6 countries, the Benelux countries for 2015 and 2021 were determined. This made it possible to obtain quantitative estimates of the level of economic development of the studied countries and with the help of these estimates to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of economic development, including analysis of the gap in the level of economic development, the EFTA countries, the EU6 countries, the Benelux countries. Conclusions are drawn about the level of economic development of the studied, about the gap in the level of economic development of these highly developed.