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Baltic Economic Journal

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No 3(47) (2024)
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FINANCE

6-14 40
Abstract

   The People's Republic of China is one of Russia's main partners, trade turnover between the countries is constantly increasing, while China has become one of the largest financial technology markets. The article describes the current structure of the banking sector of the People's Republic of China, analyzes the performance indicators of the largest Chinese banks controlling 70 % of the industry and the banking sector as a whole: assets, revenue, net profit, transaction and balance of payments statistics, innovative (patent) activity etc. The author identifies some trends in the development of the banking sector of the Chinese economy, including institutional changes, the active introduction of digital technologies, the emergence of new models of banking business, the entry into the financial market of large marketplaces, and attempts to substantiate the causes of these phenomena.

15-25 48
Abstract

   At present, the processes of strengthening and improving the financial system in the context of monetary policy are significantly affected by various kinds of adverse factors, in connection with which the Bank of Russia is forced to apply timely measures to stabilize and control the banking sector. The transformation of the national economy in the post-pandemic period, characterized by the financial crisis gaining momentum, has not bypassed the banking sector. Nevertheless, taking into account the emerging daily difficulties, the banking sector has proved to be resistant to the challenges of modern realities. The article analyzes the dynamics of fundamental indicators of the banking sector on the example of Kaliningrad region in the context of assets and liabilities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The information and analytical materials of the Bank of Russia for the period of 2014-2023 formed the information basis for the analysis. The analysis made it possible to form conclusions about the level and dynamics of economic development in the context of the banking sector in the Kaliningrad region. The obtained results can be used by commercial banks for short-term planning of their activities, as well as when the Bank of Russia develops measures to ensure economic sustainability and financial stability of the banking sector aimed at improving national welfare and ensuring stable inclusive growth.

26-38 44
Abstract

   Corporate bonds allows to attract funds for еру investment project, refinance the company's existing obligations, and increase the size of the business. With the development of the stock market, the use of bond loans increases, and new modifications appear that meet the requirements of both issuers and investors. The article analyzes the advantages of financing a project through a bond loan; identifies the limitations of its use; presents the classification features of corporate bonds that form optimal conditions for raising funds; and formulates current trends in the development of the bond market. The work contains current statistics on the circulation of corporate bonds in the Russian Federation, as well as the specifics of financing the modernization and development of the fishing fleet by attracting bond loans.

REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMY

39-52 37
Abstract

   Today, the fishery complex is increasingly becoming one of the main components of the national food security system. In this regard, it is extremely important to consistently solve existing problems and reflect new emerging challenges. However, along with these problems, there are also reserves that could contribute to their solution. The materials of the article include important studies of scientists, materials of the Ministry of Agriculture, Rosrybolovstvo and various statistical data of Rosstat. The main methods are logical, analytical, statistical and comparison method.

53-67 57
Abstract

   The article provides a retrospective analysis of the influence of various factors on the development of the meat processing industry in the Kaliningrad region in the period from 1990 to 2023. An analysis of the impact of sanctions on the development of the industry is carried out. The study is based on government statistics, scientific research, and media data. The main factor influencing sanctions on regional producers is dependence on imports, which has led to higher prices for finished products and problems in the production cycle. The independence of the development of livestock farming and meat processing is revealed. They do not constitute a single production chain within the region. The development of livestock complexes is moving towards consolidation and the formation of a single production cycle within the company. Unified clusters that allow for a full import-independent production cycle are not being formed. To solve the problems, the Government actively stimulated the development of import-substituting industries and the search for new foreign suppliers and contractors. However, business and the state acted upon the fact of eliminating the emerging problems. Identification, generalization and analysis of factors influencing the development of meat processing production will allow for proactive strategic planning of industrial production in order to increase the independence of the national economy and its sustainable development.

68-86 34
Abstract

   The purpose of the article is to systematize the tools available to those making political and economic decisions on managing the economic accessibility of fish and seafood in the Russian consumer market.

   The article defines an approach to choosing economic accessibility factors and analyzes the main methods of influencing these factors in the context of their impact on various aspects of the country's food security and on the welfare of consumers. A conclusion is made about the need to pursue a balanced food policy that combines management methods based on the principles of free trade with measures of reasonable agricultural protectionism and support for consumers and producers of fish products. Such a policy is the basis for increasing the availability of fish products and overcoming the stagnation in their consumption that has emerged in our country in recent years.

86-100 39
Abstract

   A brief historical and economic overview of the main stages of the development of the construction industry of the Kaliningrad region in the period from 1991 to 2000 was carried out. Based on materials from open sources published by Rosstat in the Kaliningrad region, an analysis of the efficiency of production activities of enterprises in the field of capital construction, production of building materials. As a result of the analysis, it was found that during the period under review, the construction industry experienced a significant drop in the pace of its development, due to a change in the political course in the country and the transition from a planned economy to market relations. The role of federal legislation in this process is briefly analyzed. Plans for the industry to reach the planned parameters of the Housing Construction Program at the turn of the 2000-s were not destined to come true, the decline in housing commissioning amounted to more than 408 %.

101-116 69
Abstract

   The contents of a number of publications on the economy and organization of the country's fisheries complex are considered. The importance of analyzing the dynamics of the catch of IBD and the population of the primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation is emphasized. The dynamics of the average annual population of the primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation is analyzed. A significant decrease in the population in a number of coastal regions of the Russian Federation is emphasized, but in general, the population growth in all coastal territories amounted to 1,115 times. Of all 23 primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation, 8 regions in 2015-2022 saw an increase in the average annual population in general by 1,316 times, and in 15 regions there was a decrease in the average annual population in general by 0.918 times. Histograms of the ranking of the decrease in the average annual population of the primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation for 2022 are constructed. It is calculated that, in general, in 2005-2022, the increase in fish catch and catch of other VBR in the primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation amounted to 1.36 times. Histograms of the ranking of the degree of reduction in fish catch and production of other fish stocks in the primorsky regions of the Russian Federation for 2005 and 2022 are constructed. The indicators of the correlation coefficients between the population and the catch of fish, as well as the production of other VBRs of the primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation, are determined. Ten subjects of the Russian Federation have negative correlation coefficients, in thirteen subjects of the Russian Federation, the change in population and fish catch, as well as production of other fish stocks for 2005-2022 was unidirectional in nature. The overall final relationship between population dynamics and catch of fish stocks of the primorsky subjects of the Russian Federation has a high value (the correlation coefficient is 0.98). Curbing the decline in the population of a number of coastal regions requires strengthening the work of the authorities to optimize the allocation of productive forces across the country.

116-134 35
Abstract

   The deterioration of fish stocks is one of the main problems of fisheries in the Baltic Sea. Following other researchers, we assume that the main reason for the degradation of fish resources in the Baltic Sea as overfishing. This paper focuses on the sustainability of fisheries in the region. Using the results of various studies on the state of fish resources in the Baltic Sea and based on socio-economic indicators of fisheries, we conclude that the key shortcoming of the current policy is the priority given to short-term benefits, which encourages overfishing. The solution is to move to a sustainable fisheries model and implement the concept of a “blue economy” in the Baltic Sea region based on the principles of sustainability.

WORLD ECONOMY

135-151 64
Abstract

   The article defines the importance and importance of innovative development for sustainable economic growth and social progress in African countries. Based on the study of the Global Innovation Index, it is concluded that there are systemic problems in the innovative development of African countries. It is shown that the global innovation landscape is changing, but Africa is lagging behind other regions of the world. Meanwhile, African countries have significant potential for innovation, which can be unlocked through partnership with Russia. Cooperation between Russia and African countries in the field of innovation is presented from the perspective of a historical retrospective. The current directions of innovative development of African countries are analyzed. The examples of individual projects and programs in the field of science, technology and innovation currently being implemented by Russia together with African countries are presented. It is concluded that cooperation provides unique opportunities for the exchange of experience, knowledge transfer and the introduction of new technologies. It is indicated that further progress requires the development of cooperation in the field of innovation and the creation of new projects based on advanced technologies and a scientific approach. The problems and challenges for innovative cooperation between Russia and the countries of the African continent are highlighted. Prospects have been identified and recommendations have been formulated for further cooperation between Russia and African countries in the field of innovation. It is concluded that the Russian-African partnership in the field of innovative cooperation has good prospects.

152-168 43
Abstract

   The article is devoted to solving the problem of reducing backwardness in the Angolan agricultural sector by proposing a development strategy based on marketing research tools. Calculated by authors effectiveness indicators for agricultural management in Angola shown the technological backwardness of the industry, the extreme degree of import dependence for agriproducts, the unsatisfactory level of food security against the background of the unfavorable natural and climatic situation and the consequences of military operations. It was concluded that there was a need for state support and major investments in the Angolan agricultural sector. In accordance with the marketing approach an analysis of the agricultural industry’s life cycle was carried out. It based on calculation of average growth rates for gross agricultural product, agricultural income, competitiveness of Agri producers and their direct support, population and enterprises number over the ten years. The results obtained indicate that modern Angolan agriculture is most close to the “birth” stage of the industry’s life cycle and prove the expediency of target state investment strategy aimed at labor productivities increasing and technological equipment, fighting drought and clearing land. It was proposed the mechanism for financing the formulated measures, it means the redistribution of funds from the Oil Business, the most profitable in Angola. It was noted that there is no transparent taxation in Angolan oil sector, foreign oil companies actively lobby their interests in the Government and often seek preferential, which unprofitable for Angola. On based at open statistic data it was calculated total oil tax rate equal of 32 %, and it is too low compared to other countries. The revision of Angola’s taxation system for foreign oil companies is going to allow the additional income, which can become a source of financing for the agricultural development strategy.

169-187 37
Abstract

   The study was conducted in order to determine and analyze the levels and dynamics of economic development of the EU 14 countries (14 countries that became members of the European Union (EU) before May 2004), including the EU 6 countries, Benelux countries, EU 8 countries in 2010, 2016, 2022.. The study used a significantly expanded and improved methodology for comparative analysis of the level and changes in the level, dynamics and changes in the dynamics of economic development of countries. The calculation and analysis of comparative assessments of the level and changes in the level, dynamics and changes in the dynamics of economic development of countries made it possible to assess the results of economic development of the studied countries, identify among them the leader countries and outsider countries in terms of the level and dynamics of their economic development. Calculation and analysis of the ratio of max and min values of comparative estimates of the level and changes in the level, dynamics and changes in the dynamics and changes in the dynamics of economic development of the studied countries made it possible to assess the gaps in the level and dynamics of economic development of these countries, to identify groups of EU 14 countries by the smallest and largest gaps in the level and dynamics of economic development, based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were made relevant conclusions.



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ISSN 2073-3364 (Print)